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PATENTED JAN. 22, 1850.

R B T N m m B R m & K R A MP AS R J UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES RADLEY AND JOHN W. HUNTER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SPARK-ARRESTER.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 7,040, dated January22, 1850; Reissued January 16, 1855, No. 293.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES RADLEY and JOHN W. HUNTER, of the city,county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Spark-Arresters; and we do hereby declare the follow ing to be afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in whichFigure I is a perspective view of the interior. Fig. II is a verticalsection. Fig. III is a transverse section.

Like letters refer to like parts in all the figures.

Our invention consists in an improved construction of chimneys or smokepipes and the design of our improvement is to prevent the discharge ofanything from the pipes, fines, &c. save only smoke and gases, therebyretaining all other matters which may be disengaged from the fire, asfor instance, live coals, sparks, cinders, ashes, and dirt, as accordingto the nature of the fuel consumed and the intensity of the draft allthese substances are more or less freely thrown off and discharged intothe air. Under many circumstances the fire, dirt, &c. discharged frompipes and fines in this way amounts to a quantity exceedingly dangerousto property and structures in the vicinity; and therefore many attemptshave been made to obviate the evil. The greatest annoyance from theabove causes however is felt in railway and steamboat travel and ourinvention has in view for its principal field of operation these twosubjects. As many attempts have already been made to remedy the evilsarising from the escape of sparks &c. from locomotives and steamboatfurnaces, we deem it proper in order that the distinctive features ofour invention may be more clearly seen, to mention briefly the generalprinciple of such structures. The first kind has consisted usually ofsome arrangement of screens or caps made of wire gauze, or plates ofiron perforated with numerous holes. Against these screens the productsof combustion are made to impinge before escaping into the air. Themeshes of the screen thus act as a bar to the passage of grosserparticles of dirt, casting them back into the furnace or otherreceptacles variously contrived, While the clear gases are allowed toescape into the air. All structures based upon such screens, howeverarranged and contrived, have failed to operate so as wholly to arrestthe objectionable matter flowing from the fire, or even to a degree atall satisfactory, as the intensity of the draft is usually such as toforce a large amount through with the smoke &c. Another mode has been toforce the blast through reservoirs of water and thus destroy the livingsparks and catch the dirt &c. This plan has also failed from manycauses, among which may be men tioned the difliculties of maintainingthe requisite draft, both in this latter and in the former method. Ourinvention differs from all these plans, and especially in that there isnothing whatever in the way of the discharge of the gases and smoke byfree and unobstructed passages, while we at the same time separatetherefrom, and retain all sparks and other substances mixed therewith inthe interim, between leaving the fire and final discharge place of theflue or pipe. Thus no screen work, either of wire gauze, or similarmaterial is at all used by us. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are sections of ourpipe showing their interior arrangement for conveying off the smoke andgases, and the method of separating the sparks, dirt,&c., in theirpassage toward the discharge.

Our invention is composed of two parts generally, the first partconsisting of an outer casing or shell, which forms also a receptaclefor the arrested matter, and an interior arrangement of parts combinedwith said shell, which consists of the stack or principal flue and itsattachments.

At the letter (a) is represented the stack or principal flue, in thisall the products of combustion, viz, gases, smoke, sparks, cinders, &c.,are received and ascend in the direction indicated; at the top of thisfine an appendage is affixed which is to cause a divergence of theascending mass of smoke sparks &c.,into several currents and is theplace where our invention begins to operate by commencing here toseparate such substances as are to be retained within the pipe, viz,sparks, ashes, &c. To do this we attach to the top a conical or funnelshaped piece as seen at (Z), 1),) around the inside surface of thisfunnel we next arrange a series of compartments consisting of threeplates arranged triangularly and as shown at (c, c, 0,). A number ofthese having been determined upon, as say six, are made and attached to(b) in positions equidistant from each other, thus leaving like numbersof channels or spaces between, as seen in Fig. 3 marked 1, 2, 3, &-c.int-o one of the sides of (c) a number of openings are made as seen at(cl) and over all these openings, except the topmost one, an angularshaped cap (6) is put as shown. Around the base of the funnel (Z2)openings are made in such positions as will form communications from thechambers (c) to the space made by the outside shelf (f) and the interiorstack (a, 7), and 0) one of which openings is seen at That side of thechamber (0) in which the openings ((Z) are made is curved in such amanner that the spaces or channels 1, 2, 3, &c. between are spiral andthus the currents of smoke, gas, &c., as they pass through are made toimpinge against that side containing the openings (d), as the sparks anddirt are more ponderable than the gases with which they are intermixed,and are consequently dashed against the side of (0) and sliding over thesurface of which as they come opposite the openings (cl) are urgedwithin the chamber both by their own momentum, and by the pressure ofthe cur rent. The use of the angular caps (6), now becomes apparent,which is to check the up ward motion, which the sparks and dirt Wouldstill have, and turn them downward, as but for this, those entering inat the lower holes would pass on and out again at the top ones. Thesparks and dirt thus caught are discharged by the hole into the space(f). Finally to complete this part an interior cap consisting of afunnel or cone (9,) of lesser dimensions than (1),) is fitted. Thus thispart may be said to consist of two funnels of different diameters placedwithin each other and the space between divided into compartments asdescribed at (c, c, and 0,) and 1, 2, 3 &c.

Having described the construction and operation of our invention to theend of the first part so far as the separation and arresting of thegrosser parts of the dirt and sparks, we now proceed to describe anotherfeature in the construction, whereby all the remaining finer particlesof dirt and sparks to be retained are caught; for in consequence of thegreat velocity of the current through the channels, 1, 2, 3 &e. it isnot probable that all the sparks, &c. are taken out of the smoke. Toinsure this we next put upon the top of (f and b) an inclined. cap orcover as seen at, (7c, 70, Z, Z,) the outer one (Z) being attached tothe shell (f) and the inner one (is) to the funnel (Z)) the top of thecover forms a large circular opening and is the final discharge placefor the smoke etc. The inner and outer covers are so placed as to leavea space between them, which space is divided by a series of partitionsseen at (m, 7%,) extending from the top down to the base, or where thecovers join ((2, j). The inner cover is next pierced with a series ofoblong openings (0) so as to communicate with each of the sectionsformed by the partitions The next feature is the introduction of apeculiar piece for regulating the intensity of the draft. This consistsof a short pipe (7)) suspended in the aperture at the top formed by theconical cap (Z) this is so arranged as to be raised or lowered atpleasure; or where the draft is required to be constant, after findingthe proper place it may be permanently fixed. The lower edge of thispipe drops down into the interior so as to be suspended a short distanceabove the top of the funnels (g, b). The inten sity of the draft isregulated by raising or lowering this pipe; being increased by raising,and decreased by the contrary action, as the space between the loweredge of the pipe and the top of'the funnels is enlarged or diminished,also the angle required in the currents to escape is increased anddiminished by the same operation.

The operation of this part of our invent-ion is in this wise. Thechannels formed between the dirt chambers (0) being spiral, gives to thesmoke, sparks, and dirt as they pass through a rapid gyratory motion andthese ascend whirling rapidly around the interior surface of the cap(70, 70,) here as in. the case before described the sparks, dirt, &c.which have not been arrested by the dirt chambers (0) are caught at theseveral openings (0) and pressed into the spaces formed by the divisions(m) in the cap as before described. Here they are removed from theinfluence oft-he external current and. fall by their own gravity intothe re ceptacle formed by the space between (7, and a). Meantime thesmoke and gases ascc-nd to the highest point of the cap and there comein contact with the pipe (7)) down which they descend in a spiralcurrent until they reach the lower edge or mouth through which theyescape into the air as shown by the direction of the arrows. At thelower edge of the pipe (ya) there is a flange (79) which serves stillfurther to catch any sparks or dirt which may yet have escaped all theapertures in the cover.

Vhat we claim as of our own invention and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is

1. The arranging of a series of chambers and channels between twoconically shaped plates, the channels being so formed as to cause theproducts of combustion to impinge against that side of each of the dirtchambers which has the openings and caps and bined and operatingsubstantially as dethereby force the sparks, dirt, &c. &c. into scribedherein.

them in the manner described herein. JAMES RADLEY.

2. e also claim the combination of the JOHN W. HUNTER. 5 double conicalcap or cover, for the forma- Vitnesses:

tion of the second series of dirt chambers, S. H. MAYNARD, with the pipe(p), the Whole being com- T. H. \Vooo.

[FIRST PRINTED 1913.]

